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5. 段落小结：

第一、第二两个自然段是本文的第一层意思: 我们注意到了这样一些副词：originally......however......today......通过这些副词的贯穿，我们了解了Unless the consignor(发货人), the person sending goods, or the consignee(收货人), the person receiving goods, wants to attend to any of the procedural and documentary formalities himself, it is usually the freight forwarder who undertakes on his behalf to process the movement of goods through the various stages involved. The freight forwarder may provide these services directly or through subcontractors or other agencies employed by him. He is also expected to utilize, in this connection, the services of his overseas agents. Briefly, these services are:

6.1 unless 一句我们可以先简化成:

Unless the consignor wants to attend to formalities himself, … = If the consignor does not attend to formalities himself, …

6.1.1 只有当unless 解释成 “ 如果不 ” 的时候, 它才可以和 if not 互换句型.

因此, 我们不能随随便便地把 unless 翻译成 “除非” 或者 “如果不”

6.1.2 attend

(1) 及物动词. 解释 “出席, 参加” 例如: attend a meeting

(2) 不及物动词, 介词的固定搭配往往是 to. 解释 “注意, 专心, 专注”

例如: attend to one’s work

(3) 其名词形式. attention 例如: pay attention to

(4) 其形容词形式. attentive 介词的搭配还是 to

6.1.3 the procedural and documentary formalities

(1) the procedural formalities (程序上的手续)

procedural 形容词, “程序上的”

procedure 名词, “程序,步骤,过程”

(2) the documentary formalities (单证上的手续)

documentary 形容词, “单证上的”

documentary 一词在金融、贸易领域用得比较多,

例如: documentary draft (跟单汇票)

document 名词或动词, “单证, 为......提供单证”

(3) formality (正式的手续, 通常用名词的复数形式表示)

the customs formalities (海关手续)

go through due formalities (经过正式手续)

句子中其他需要解释的地方还有:

6.1.4 句末的himself 解释 “亲自”, 有强调主语或突出主语行为的作用. 我们可以这样理解: 如果发货人或收货人不想自己亲自去办理那些繁杂手续的话…

6.2 it is ...... 一句我们可以先简化成:

... it is the freight forwarder who undertakes to process the movement of goods...

6.2.1 it + be + 被强调成分 + that / who ...是强调结构

所谓强调结构就是句子当中要特别强调 "被强调成分", 这里特别强调 the freight forwarder, 字面翻译也往往加上 “正是,就是”

6.2.2 undertake to do sth. = agree to do sth. = promise sb sth.

6.2.3 process 这里,我们和这个 process 打交道不是头一回了:

(1) process 名词.

process = series of operations deliberately unertaken

例如: distribution process

(2) process 动词.

process = to prepare and examine in details

例如: process the movement of goods

我们注意到不管这个 process 解释"程序"也好, 还是解释"准备,处置"也罢, 在它的英文解释中都含有审慎的意思. 有的时候中文也有言不达意的地方.

句子中其他需要解释的地方还有: ... through the various stages involved.

6.2.4 the various stages = a different period / part in a course of action

6.2.5 involve 在做动词时有许多解释:

(1) 使...陷入,拖累

(2) 包围,笼罩

(3) 包括,包含,含有: 我以为第三个含义比较符合课文中的意思

7. 句子:

The freight forwarder may provide these services directly or through subcontractors or other agencies employed by him. 在句子中:

7.1 我们知道 contract 是合同的意思, 其: 后缀 -or : 执行或做出...的人或物, contractor 是指订约人或承包人.

前缀 sub- : sub- 也有很多意思有"under" 的意思, 我们最熟悉的

submarine (潜水艇)

subway(地铁)

有附属的、次要、分、支的意思, 如课文中的subcontract 分包合同, 转包合同(把承包的工作一部分或全部转包给第三者而签订的合同)

subcontractor 承约人,转包商,次承包者

subagent 副代理人

subcontinent 次大陆

subsonic 亚音速

subroutine 子程序

7.2 关于这个 through :

前句中: ... through the various stages involved.

这个 through = from the beginning to the end of

"自始至终"的意味浓烈 (尤指时间、过程)

本句中: ... through subcontractors or other agencies empolyed by him.

这个 through 是比较常见的用法,

through = by means of / by way of (指方法、手段)

through = as a result of, because of (指原因、理由)

8. 句子:

He is also expected to utilize, in this connection, the services of his overseas agents. 在句子中:

8.1 utilize = make use of, find a use for 动词

其名词有两个: utility (实用,效用) utilization (利用)

其形容词: utilizable

9. 这些 his 到底指谁?

(1) it is usually the freight forwarder who undertakes on his behalf ...... his = consignor's or consignee's

(2) ... through subcontractor or other agencies employed by him.

him = a freight forwarder

(3) He is also expected to utilize,...

He = a freight forwarder

(4) ... in this connection, the services of his overseas agents.

his = a freight forwarder's

10. 句子: Briefly, these services are: 在句子中:

briefly = shortly, in a few words 是 "简略地说,简概地说" 的意思货运代理人的概念，并通过货运代理服务范围的演变，对其服务范围基本上有了一个大概的印象. The forwarders, on behalf of the consignor ( exporter ), would:

Choose the route, mode of transport and a suitable carrier.

Book space with the selected carrier.

Take delivery of the goods and issue relevant documents such as the Forwarders’

Certificate of Receipt (货运代理收货证书), the Forwarders’ Certificate of

Transport (货运代理运输证书), etc.

Study the provisions of the letter of credit (信用证) and all Government regulations applicable to the shipment of goods in the country of export,

the country of import, as well as any transit country; he would also prepare all the necessary documents.

Pack the goods, taking into account the route, the mode of transport, the nature of the goods and applicable regulations, if any, in the country of export, transit countries and country of destination.

Arrange warehousing of the goods, if necessary.

Weigh and measure the goods.

Draw the consignor’s attention to the need for insurance and arrange for the insurance of goods, if required by the consignor.

Transport the goods to the port, arrange for customs clearance, related documentation formalities and deliver the goods to the carrier.

Attend to foreign exchange transactions (外汇交易), if any.

Pay fees and other charges including freight.

Obtain the signed bills of lading (提单) from the carrier and arrange delivery to the consignor.

Arrange for transshipment (转载,转运) en route if necessary.

Monitor the movement of goods all the way to the consignee through contacts with the carrier and the forwarders’ agents abroad.

Note damages or losses, if any, to the goods.

Assist the consignor in pursuing claims, if any, against the carrier for loss of the goods or for damage to them.